Hawthorn Berries And Animals – Fruits of four different species of Crataegus (clockwise from top left: C. coccinea, C. punctata, C. ambigua and C. douglasii)
Mayflower, or hawthorn, is a tuber of several hundred species of shrubs and trees belonging to the Rosaceae family,
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Hawthorn Berries And Animals
Native to the temperate northern hemisphere regions of Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America. The name “hawthorn” was originally applied to species native to northern Europe, especially common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unchanged name is often used in Great Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to tire gus and the related Asiatic gus Rhaphiolepis.
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The benign epithet Crataegus is derived from the Greek word kratos “strength” due to the great strength of the wood, and eye “sharp” referring to the thorns of some species.
The name haw, originally an Old English term for a hedge (from the Anglo-Saxon term hungdhorn, “fce with erhors”),
With small petal fruits and (usually) prickly branches. Mostly, the bark of young individuals is smooth gray, in older trees, shallow longitudinal cracks with narrow ridges are formed. Thorns are small branches with sharp tips that arise from other branches or from the trunk and are usually 1–3 cm long (recorded as up to
). The leaves grow spirally on long shoots, and on branches or twigs in groups. The leaves of most species have lobed or serrated edges and are slightly different in shape. The fruits, sometimes known as “hawks”, are similar to berries, but in their structure there is a stalk containing from one to five plums, resembling the “stones” of plums, peaches, etc., which are fruits of the same subfamily.
Edible Dormouse (glis Glis). Adult Stretching For Ripe Hawthorn Berries. Germany Stock Photo
The number of species in gus depends on the taxonomic interpretation. Some botanists in the past recognized 1,000 or more species,
The goose probably first appeared in the Eocene, and the ancestral area was likely eastern North America and Europe, which remained closely connected at that time due to the North Atlantic land bridge. The earliest known guso leaves from North America are from the Eoce, while the earliest leaves from Europe are from the Oligoce.
Hawthorns provide food and shelter for many species of birds and mammals, and the flowers are important for many nectar-feeding insects. Hawthorns are also used as food plants by the larvae of many Lepidoptera species, such as the small egg moth E. lanestris. In winter, root crops are important for wildlife, especially cormorants and waxwings; these birds feed on the twigs and disperse the seeds in their droppings.
Hawthorn C. monogyna “vangels” or fruits are edible. In the UK, they are sometimes used to make jelly or homemade wine.
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The leaves are edible, and if picked in the spring when they are still young, they are good for salads.
The young leaves and flower buds, which are also edible, are called “bread and cheese” in the countryside.
In the southern United States, the fruits of three native species are collectively known as mayflowers and are used to make jelly, which is considered a delicacy. The Kutai people of northwestern North America used red and black hawthorn fruits for food.
On Manitoulin Island, Ontario, some red fruit species are called gubernias. At the time of colonization, the European population ate these fruits in the winter as the only remaining food supply. People born on the island are now called “haweaters”.
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The fruits of Crataegus mexicana are known as tejocotes in Mexico and are eaten raw, cooked or made into jams in winter. During a traditional pre-Christmas celebration called Las Posadas, they are stuffed into piñatas broca. They are also boiled with other fruits to make Christmas punch. A mixture of tejocot paste, sugar, and chili powder makes popular Mexican candies called rielitos, which are made by several brands.
The 4 cm long Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn) fruits are sharp, bright red and resemble small crayfish fruits. They are used to make a variety of Chinese snacks, including hawk flakes, covered in sugar syrup and placed on a stick in tanghulu. The fruit, which is called 山楂 shān zhā in Chinese, is also used to make jams, jellies, juices, liquors and other beverages; these in turn can be used in other dishes (for example, many older Cantonese sweet and sour sauce recipes call for shānzhā jam). In South Korea, an alcoholic drink called sansachun (산사춘) is made from the fruit.
In Iran, the fruits of Crataegus (including Crataegus azarolus var. aronia, as well as other species) are known as zâlzâlak and are eaten raw as a snack or made into a jam known by the same name.
In 2008 A meta-analysis of previous studies by the Cochrane Collaboration concluded that there is evidence that hawthorn extract used as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic heart failure has “significant benefits in symptom control and physiological outcomes”.
Waxwing Bombycilla Garrulus Eating Hawthorn Berry Stock Photo
Concluded that “Crataegus [hawthorn] preparations have a significant effect as a useful agent in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.” The review indicated the need for further research into the best doses and concluded that although “many different theoretical interactions between Crataegus and orthodox drugs have been postulated, none [yet] have been substantiated.”
Several species of hawthorn have been used in traditional medicine. The products used are often derived from C. monogyna, C. laevigata or related species of Crataegus, “commonly known as hawthorn”, without necessarily distinguishing between these species.
The dried fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida (called shān zhā in Chinese) is used in traditional Chinese medicine, primarily as a digestive aid. A closely related species, Crataegus cuneata (Japanese hawthorn, called sanzashi in Japanese) is also used. Other species (especially Crataegus laevigata) are used in herbal medicine, where the plant is believed to strengthen cardiovascular function.
The Kuta of Northwestern North America used black hawthorn (Kutian: kaǂa; approximate pronunciation: kasha) for food, and the fruit of red hawthorn (Kutai: ǂupǂi; approximate pronunciation: shupshi) in traditional medicine.
Winter Birds Feast On Hawthorn Berries
Many species and hybrids are used as ornamental and street trees. Hawthorn is widely used as a hedge plant in Europe. During Britain’s agricultural revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, hawthorn seedlings were mass-propagated in nurseries to create the new field boundaries required by the Inclosure Acts.
Several cultivars of the middle hawthorn C. laevigata have been selected for their pink or red flowers. Hawthorns are among the trees most recommended for water conservation landscaping.
Hawthorn can be used as rootstock in grafting practice. It is suitable for grafting with Mespilus and pears and is more robust than quince rootstock, but hawthorn’s prickly sucking habit can be problematic.
Crataegus monogyna seedlings have been used to graft several species, such as pink hawthorn, pear and tree, onto the same trunk, resulting in the trees producing pink and white flowers in May and fruit in summer. “Split budding” has also been done on hawthorn trunks to produce branches of several varieties on the same tree. Such trees can be seen in Vigo, Spain and in northwestern France (mainly in Brittany).
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The Scottish saying “Ne’er cast a cloot til Mey’s oot” is a warning not to throw away any cloots (clothes) until summer is here and the Mayflowers are in full bloom.
It is customary to use flowering branches for decorative purposes on May 1. is of very early origin, but since 1752, when the Gregorian calendar was adopted, the tree has seldom been in full bloom in the gland before the second week of that month. In the Scottish Highlands, flowers can appear as late as mid-June. Hawthorn was considered a symbol of hope, and its branches are said to have been carried in wedding processions by the ancient Greeks and used to cover Hymoja’s altar. The assumption that the tree was the source of Jesus’ crown of thorns undoubtedly gave rise to the French peasant tradition (as far back as 1911) of him moaning and weeping on Good Friday, and probably also to the old popular superstition on Good Friday. For Great Britain and Ireland, that failure contributed to the uprooting of the hawthorns. Glastonbury thistle (C. monogyna ‘Biflora’,
Sometimes called C. oxyacantha var. praecox), which blooms in both December and spring, was formerly highly valued in the glands, the tree being originally the staff of Joseph of Arimathea.
Uncovers and reinterprets many European legends and myths in which the white thorn (hawthorn), also known as the may tree, is ctral.
Hawthorn Berries Blackbird Hi Res Stock Photography And Images
Along with yew and apple. It was once said to heal a broken heart. In Ireland, the red fruit is or was called Johnny MacGorey or Magory.
Serbian folklore in the Balkans notes that hawthorn (Serbian глог or glog) is essential for killing vampires, and stakes used to kill them must be made of thistle wood.
In floral folklore, the hawthorn (sgitheach in Scottish Gaelic and sceach in Irish) “marks a trance to the other world” and is strongly associated with fairies.
Lore says it’s very