Hawthorn Berries In India – Raphiolepis (/ ˌ r æ fi ˈ ɒ l ɪ p ɪ s / or / ˌ r æ f i oʊ ˈ l ɛ p ɪ s /;
) is a genus of about fifteen species of perennial shrubs and small trees in the family Rosaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical East Asia and Southeast Asia to southern Japan, South Korea and southern China, southern Thailand and Vietnam. It is good to note in literature searches that the name is commonly misspelled as “Raphiolepsis”. Gus is closely related to Eriobotria (Lacquatus), so closely indeed that members of the two genera have hybridized with each other; For example, “Coppertone Loquat” is a hybrid of Eriobotrya deflexa x Raphiolepis indica. The common name hawthorn, originally applied specifically to the related Gus crataegus, now also appears as the common name for some Rhapiolepis species. For example, Raphiolepis indica is called “Indian Hawthorn” and Raphiolepis umbellata, “Yedo Hawthorn”.
Table of Contents
Hawthorn Berries In India
Species vary in size, with some reaching only 1–1.5 m (3 ft 3 in–4 ft 11 in), while R. ferruginia can reach 10 m (33 ft). Leaves are alternate, leathery, glossy dark grey, simple, ––cm cm (––++ ⁄2 in) long, with tiered or serrated margins. Flowers white or pink;
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––Cm (1 ⁄2–3 ⁄4) in diameter, produced in small to large corymbs with panicle formation. The fruit is a small pond
––⁄cm (1⁄2–3⁄4) in diameter, dark purple to black, usually containing only one seed.
Raphiolepis is closely related to lacquats and toons and is in the apple subtribe along with other commercially important fruits such as pears. Rect phylogenetic research has suggested that Rhapiolepis and Eriobotria (Lacquatus) merge.
The most well-known species is the southern Chinese Rhapiolepis indica (Indian hawthorn), grown for its ornamental pink flowers and popular in bonsai culture. Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Yeddo hawthorn) of Japan and Korea has leaves and white flowers It is a hardy species, tolerating temperatures down to about −15°C (5°F).
Landscape Planning And Design
The fruits of some cultivars are edible when cooked, and can be used to make jam, but some ornamental cultivars produce fruit that is not of cooking value.
Indian Hawthorn is a major horticultural specimen of the southern United States It is often found in commercial and personal scenes as well It is often pruned into small compact hedges or balls for foundation plants It has been successfully pruned to a standard form and is a small dwarf tree up to 4.5 m (15 ft) tall.
Uses of Raffiolepis in wetland landscaping include many of its species and hybrids, Gus tomosporium. A deformed leaf spot disease caused by a fungus in species and hybrids) is often limited to low-growing, evergreen, flowering plants. With a dense growth habit, they are ideal low-maintenance plants for use in small gardens and foundation trees.
Most plants are 3 to 5 feet tall and uniform in width A few large shrubs can be trained into small trees
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Indian hawthorns are grown for their attractive clean, mounded form and clusters of flowers. Fragrant, pink or white crab-like flowers open in leaf-top clusters from mid-April to May. Blue-black berries appear in late summer and last through winter The leathery, dark evergreen leaves are rounded, about 2 to 3 inches long, turning purple in winter.
Compact cultivars of Indian hawthorn are suitable for use as foundation shrubs, while larger cultivars can be used for hedges, mass plantings or screening.
Indian hawthorn is sensitive to cold damage and should be planted in a protected area if grown in upper South Carolina.
The plant prefers sun, although they will grow in partial shade Indian watercress prefers moist, well-drained soil, but established shrubs will tolerate drought. It is tolerant of salt spray and sandy soils and is a good choice for coastal areas
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, the most common disease of Indian hawthorn It is most damaging after frequent rainfall in spring and fall
The first symptoms are small, round, red spots on both the upper and lower sides of young leaves
These spread out and on many diseased leaves, coalesce to form large, irregular blotches Severe infection can cause early leaf drop
Slow the spread of disease by spacing plants properly to improve air circulation Water showers with drip irrigation rather than overhead sprinklers If sprinklers are used, water established plants once a week as needed during the growing season and apply an inch of irrigation water each time. Collect and discard diseased leaves that have fallen in winter, and then mulch the stems
Indian Hawthorn (rhaphiolepis Indica), Twig With Flowers And Berries Stock Photo
Diseased shrubs can be sprayed with daconil (chlorothalonil) when new leaves first appear in spring through early June. Spray during rainy spring weather or every two weeks during dry spring weather Additional sprays may be necessary in the fall Follow label directions for dosage and safety See Table 1 for examples of brands and specific products
Winter injury has become more common, and was especially severe during the winter of 2014-2015, when there were many Indian water buffalo in South Carolina.
Severe defoliation may occur in summer after heavy infection with Entomosporium leaf spot in Indian hawthorn.
Kill Plants damaged by cold weather can be weakened by improper fertilization and irrigation, exposure to lawn weed killers, and foliar diseases. Test the soil in landscape beds for proper fertilization
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This same disease also affects red-tip photinias and pearls (such as Bradford pearls), but can also be found on pyracantha, quince and locket. Because of this, red tip photinias are rarely found for sale
The best way to prevent leaf spot in Indian hawthorn is to cultivate selective resistance (see below), grow them in full sun, and use drip irrigation.
This information is provided with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and that no endorsement of brand names or registered trademarks by Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service is made, nor is any discrimination intended by the exclusion of product or manufacturer names. All recommendations are specific to South Carolina conditions and may not be applicable in other areas Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label All recommendations for pesticide use are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but registration and use patterns may change due to actions by state and federal regulatory agencies. Follow all directions, precautions and restrictions listed
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Indian hawthorn is an endemic weed in coastal NSW and QLD and the North Island of NZ In Victoria, it is known from only one collection of natural materials made at Research-Warrendyte Road on the north-eastern edge of the metropolis, and list occurrences at Ringwood and Frankston.
Photographed plants are established in a wide section of the Cobourg cemetery, growing in preserved internal seams between cells of adjacent monuments on an open, west-facing slope. In this section of the cemetery, this early ‘Indian hawthorn scrub’, destroyed by excessive herbicide use and erosion of the topsoil, forms the surviving biota.
The chemically-eroded and decaying eclipses of this and other Trust cemeteries should be an embarrassment to Victoria. Decades of ‘competent’ management using glyphosate has overseen the total destruction of what should be some of our community’s most precious ornamental landscapes.
The appearance of Indian hawthorn in this landscape can only be understood as a weed, in the context of total over-management and destruction of plant life and soil structure, an unnatural situation in which this legacy tree simply does not survive. Destruction, however, succeeded in sowing the seeds and perpetuating itself While unlikely to spread more widely, its local availability always means the species may appear in similar environments in other environments: the northern suburban rail corridor, the Newlands Road industrial section, or the quarries, race course and East Tip in Campbellfield.) A small, slow- Growing shrubs suitable for sunny locations It is easy to care for as it naturally maintains a neat, rounded shape without the need for trimming The shrub looks beautiful year-round and becomes a centerpiece in spring when large, loose clusters of fragrant, pink or white flowers bloom. The flowers are followed by small blue berries that attract wildlife Read on to learn how to grow Indian waterwort
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Indian hawthorn is an evergreen, so it has dark green, leathery leaves