Hawthorn Trees With Rted Berries – Fruits of four different species of Crataegus (clockwise from top left: C. coccinea, C. punctata, C. ambigua and C. douglasii)
The May flower, or hawberry, is an outgrowth of several hundred species of shrubs and trees from the Rosaceae family,
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Hawthorn Trees With Rted Berries
Native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name “hawthorn” was originally used for species native to northern Europe, particularly common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is thus often used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also used for the tire gus and for the related Asian gus Rhaphiolepis.
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The Geric epithet, Crataegus, is derived from the Greek kratos “strength” due to the great strength of the wood and akis “sharp”, referring to the thorns of some species.
The name haw, originally an Old English term for a hedge (from the Anglo-Saxon hunghorn, “fce with thorns”),
With small drupes and (usually) spiny branches. The most common type of bark is smooth gray in young individuals, with shallow longitudinal fissures with narrow ridges developing in older trees. Thorns are small branches with sharp ends that arise either from other branches or from the trunk, and are usually 1–3 cm (1 ⁄2–1 in) long (recorded up to
). The leaves grow spirally arranged on long shoots and in clusters on spur shoots on branches or twigs. The leaves of most species have lobed or serrate margins and are somewhat variable in shape. The fruit, sometimes known as a “haw,” is berry-like, but structurally has a core containing from one to five borders, resembling the “ovens” of plums, peaches, etc., which are drupes in the same subfamily.
Leaves Of Hawthorn Plant With Red Berries, Also Called Thornapple, May Tree, Whitethorn, Hawberry Stock Image
The number of species in the mouth depends on the taxonomic interpretation. Some botanists have recognized 1000 or more species in the past,
Gus probably first appeared in Eoca, with the ancestral area likely being eastern North America and Europe, which at the time remained closely connected by the North Atlantic Land Bridge. The oldest known gus leaves from the Eocene of North America, while the oldest leaves from Europe are from the Oligocene.
Hawthorn provides food and shelter for many species of birds and mammals, and the flowers are important to many nectar-feeding insects. Hawthorns are also used as food plants by the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species, such as the small egg moth E. lanestris. Haws are important for wildlife in winter, especially thrushes and waxwings; these birds eat haws and disperse the seeds in their droppings.
Edible are the fruits of common hawthorn, C. monogynous. In the UK, they are sometimes used to make jelly or homemade wine.
English Hawthorn (crataegus Monogyna)
The leaves are edible and, if picked young in spring, can be used in salads.
The young leaves and buds, which are also edible, are known as “bread and cheese” in the country gland.
In the southern United States, the fruits of the three native species are collectively known as mayhaws and are made into a jelly that is considered a delicacy. The Kutai people of northwestern North America used red and black hawthorn berries for food.
On Manitoulin Island, Ontario, some species with red berries are called hawberry. During colonization, European settlers ate these fruits during the winter as their only remaining food supply. People born on the island are now called “haweaters”.
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The fruits of Crataegus mexicana are known as tejocotes in Mexico and are eaten raw, cooked or made into jam in the winter. They are stuffed in piñatas shot during the traditional pre-Christmas celebration known as Las Posadas. It is also cooked with other fruits to prepare Christmas punch. A mixture of tejocote paste, sugar, and chili powder produces a popular Mexican candy called rielitos, which is made by several brands.
The 4 cm fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn) are tart, bright red and resemble small crabapples. They are used to make many types of Chinese snacks, including haw flakes, which are coated in sugar syrup and placed on a stick of tanghulu. The fruits, called 山楂 shān zhā in Chinese, are also used to make jams, jellies, juices, alcoholic beverages, and other beverages; these could in turn be used in other dishes (for example, many older recipes for Cantonese sweet and sour sauce call for shānzhā jam). In South Korea, a liquor called sansachun (산사춘) is made from the fruit.
In Iran, the fruits of Crataegus (including Crataegus azarolus var. aronia, as well as other species) are known as zâlzâlak and are eaten raw as a snack or made into a jam known by the same name.
A 2008 Cochrane Collaboration meta-analysis of previous studies concluded that there was evidence of “significant benefit in symptom control and physiological outcomes” of hawthorn extract used as an adjuvant in the treatment of chronic heart failure.
Close Up Of A Ripe Red Hawthorn Berry Bush With About Two Hundred Red Berries On It, Crataegus Monogyna, In Late Autumn, Cuckmere Haven, South Downs National Park, East Sussex, Stock Photo, Picture
Concluded that “Crataegus [hawthorn] preparations have significant potential as a useful drug in the treatment of cardiovascular disease”. The review indicated the need for further study of the best doses and concluded that although “many different theoretical interactions between Crataegus and orthodox drugs have been postulated…none have [yet] been demonstrated.”
Several species of hawthorn are used in traditional medicine. The products used are often from C. monogyna, C. laevigata or related species of Crataegus, “collectively known as hawthorn”, and there is not necessarily a difference between the species.
The dried fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida (called shān zhā in Chinese) are used in traditional Chinese medicine primarily as a digestive aid. The closely related species Crataegus cuneata (Japanese hawthorn, called sanzashi in Japanese) is used in a similar way. Other species (especially Crataegus laevigata) are used in herbal medicine, where the plant is believed to strengthen cardiovascular function.
The people of Kutai in northwestern North America used black hawthorn fruit (Kutai language: kaǂa; approximate pronunciation: kasha) and red hawthorn fruit (Kutai language: ǂupǂi; approximate pronunciation: shupshi) in traditional medicine.
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Many species and hybrids are used as ornamental and street trees. Common hawthorn is extensively used as a hedge plant in Europe. During Britain’s Agricultural Revolution in the 8th and 9th centuries, hawthorn seedlings were mass-propagated in nurseries to create the new field boundaries required by the Incorporation Acts.
Several cultivars of Midland hawthorn C. laevigata have been selected for their pink or red flowers. Hawthorn is among the trees most recommended for water conservation landscapes.
Hawthorn can be used as a rootstock in the practice of grafting. It is compatible with Mespilus (lodge) and pear and is a hardier rootstock than quince, but the thorny sucking habit of hawthorn can be problematic.
Seedlings of Crataegus monogyna have been used to graft multiple species onto the same trunk, such as pink hawthorn, pear and medlar, resulting in trees that produce pink and white flowers in May and fruit in summer. “Chip pudding” is also done on hawthorn trunks so that there are branches of several varieties on the same tree. Such trees can be seen in Vigo, Spain and in northwestern France (mainly in Brittany).
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The Scottish saying “Ne’er cast a cloot til Mey’s oot” expresses a warning not to cast any cloot (clothing) until summer has fully arrived and the Mayflowers (hawthorn flowers) are in full bloom.
The custom of using flowering branches for decorative purposes on the 1st of May is of very early origin, but since the adoption of the Gregorian caldar in 1752, the tree is seldom in full bloom in the gland before the second week of that month. In the Scottish Highlands, the flowers can be seen as late as mid-June. Hawthorn was considered a sign of hope, and its branches were said to have been carried by the ancient Greeks in wedding processions and used by them to decorate the altar of Hymaeus. The belief that the tree was the source of Jesus’ crown of thorns doubtless gave rise to a tradition among the Frch peasantry (actually as late as 1911) of moaning and weeping on Good Friday, and probably to an old folk superstition in Great Britain and Ireland which brought bad luck to uprooting hawthorns. Branches of Glastonbury thorn (C. monogyna ‘Biflora’,
Sometimes called C. oxyacantha var. praecox), which blooms both in December and spring, was formerly highly valued in the gland, as the tree was originally the staff of Joseph of Arimathea.
Follows and reinterprets many European legends and myths in which the hawthorn, also called the May tree, is ctral.
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Along with yew and apple trees. It was once said to heal a broken heart. In Ireland the red fruit is or was called Johnny MacGorey or Magory.
Serbian folklore, which spread throughout the Balkans, states that hawthorn (глог or glog in Serbian) is necessary to kill vampires, and the stakes used to kill them must be made from the wood of the thorn tree.
In Gaelic folklore, the hawthorn (sgitheach in Scottish Gaelic and sceach in Irish) “marks the trance to the other world” and is strongly associated with fairies.
Lore has it that it is very