Identify Washington Hawthorn Berries – English hawthorn is a small tree or large shrub of the Rosaceae (rose) family. Although it was introduced to North America in the 1800s, it recently became a problem on the West Coast. The hawthorn branches have many strong spines and the bark is smooth, pale, and gray. The leaves are flexible, leathery, and very curly. The flowers grow in groups of 10 – 20, are white and pink, and have five petals. The plant also has clusters of red one-seeded fruits. Seeds are widely dispersed by birds.
English hawthorn looks similar to black hawthorn. The leaves of the black hawthorn are only weak, and the fruits are black, not red.
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Identify Washington Hawthorn Berries
English Hawthorn grows in a wide variety of soils, but seems to prefer moist, disturbed areas. In its areas, it often grows as a type of forest. Here in Oregon, it can be found in rural areas, pastures, forests, woodlands, and abandoned fields. Once established, it can survive drought
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English hawthorn can grow in thorn forests that suppress native vegetation making it difficult for wildlife to travel. It also mixes with common hawthorn, which can reduce the number of hawthorn and can create larger and more competitive varieties. Birds may prefer its fruits to those of native plants, which can lead to reduced regeneration of native plants. Common hawthorn, also called in English, one seed or one seed hawthorn, is a common tree that originated in the Pacific Northwest. . This small tree spreads easily in dense forests and open fields, often forming thickets and thickets. Its many red fruits attract birds and other animals, which helps to spread this tree far from where it is planted.
In King County, Washington, common hawthornis is listed as a Non-Regulated Noxious Weed and its control is encouraged in natural areas that are being restored to native vegetation and in protected forest and wilderness areas. areas and its exclusion from those areas is also recommended. This species is not on the Washington Exclusive List and there is no restriction on sale or use in landscaping. For more information on the noxious weed list and judge visit the Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board website.
Common hawthorn seeds are carried by birds into forests and woodlands where they can form thick thorn bushes that outcompete native species and make it difficult for large game. Shade and drought tolerant, common hawthorn thrives in open spaces and woodlands in Washington, Oregon and California. Common hawthorn has been found along the coasts of North America and in many states of the central and eastern United States, as well. regions of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Although common in the western Cascades, common hawthorn has spread to eastern Washington.
Common hawthorn is usually a forest understory species in its area, but in our area it grows well in a variety of habitats. Coastal areas, abandoned fields and pastures, grasslands, oak forests, and other forest habitats are vulnerable to invasion.
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Beginning in the 1800s, the common hawthorn appears to have spread to Oregon and southern Washington. Natural specimens were collected in Oregon in the early 1900s and one group from Wahkiakum County, Washington in 1927 described the species as established along roadsides. For more information on the common distribution of hawthorn, see the UW Burke Museum website.
Please note that these and other varieties of hawthorn are legal for sale and planting in Washington.
Some of the photos on this page are by Ben Legler. Please do not use these images without permission from the artist. Some photos not otherwise noted may be used for educational purposes, but please give credit to the King County Noxious Weed Control Program.
Program offices are located at 201 S. Jackson St., Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104. To contact staff, see the Noxious Weed Control Program Directory, send an email, or call 206-477-WEED (206-477-9333) .Tree of the Week Washington Hawthorn: A Symbol of Hope By James R. Fazio | August 29, 2017
Crataegus Hawthorn Hedge Winter Hi Res Stock Photography And Images
A native of the southeastern U.S., the Washington hawthorn was first discovered by an unknown explorer and brought to England in the late 1600s. It was grown commercially in Georgetown and became known in Washington, D.C., after its name. Washington hawthorn was originally a shrub, but has grown into a tree species. In the natural environment, Washington hawthorn grows naturally and without maintenance.
In 1899 there were 17 species of hawthorn known in the U.S.
Reduced to 35 species and 46 hybrids. Part of the confusion comes from identification problems that baffle even the most experienced botanists.
The hawthorn group has a place in history full of ideas. For some in France, the hawthorn was a symbol of hope. Norman peasants wore sticks in their hats as a reminder of Christ’s crown of thorns. Some considered the tree to be unlucky. So that when it blossomed, the month of abstinence and devotion was the law. But some brides saw the beauty of the flowers and it is said that they used them as a decoration in Roman times. In Ireland, fairies were believed to find hawthorn hedges and displays of places worth trying. American legend, Paul Bunyan, also found useful uses for thorn trees. He used his branches as a back scratcher.
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Hawthorn trees often have heavy wood which makes them excellent as firewood. Washington hawthorn is an urban survivor and is one of the most versatile and valuable hawthorn trees for landscape use. It has been deliberately planted outside the windows of buildings to reduce crime, as trespassers cannot climb the thorn-covered trees.
The common name of this species comes from Washington City where it was grown in a nursery in the late eighteenth century. The “thorn” in its name is from its famous thorns, and “deer” is the old English name for hedge.
Means “having the shape of a pear.” But did this mean the shape of the crown, the ornamented image of the leaves, or the resemblance of the flowers? Maybe it was the last one, but that’s anyone’s guess.
Washington hawthorn is a small, beautiful tree that will brighten up any landscape. Its attractive appearance begins with purple-purple leaves in summer, then turns deep green when combined with the beautiful appearance of white flowers. In autumn, the leaves turn orange, red or purple. The red berries put on a beautiful display in the winter, often contrasting beautifully with the early snow.
Are Hawthorn Berries Edible?
Beyond its beauty, it also plays an important role in the environment. A number of songbirds rely on the tree’s fruit to eat during the winter. It grows up to 30 feet at maturity and is moderately drought tolerant (hardy zones 4-8). Be careful, the tree is also prone to catching fire, which can be dangerous in some parts of the country.
James has a strong background and experience in forestry and tree management working in a variety of forestry-related roles at the US Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, Arbor Day Foundation, and as a professor at the University of Idaho. Harvesting hawthorn berries is new. for me this year. They are sweet and mild if you get them at the right time, and in years past I have tasted them very early in the fall. This year, the Washington hawthorn was sweet and mild in late October. But by that time, the hawthorn with one seed had started to rot, so next year I will look for the ones in the middle of October.
I am indebted to Josh Fecteau’s recent hawthorn post, which inspired me to try hawthorn berries again. As Josh says, there are many varieties of hawthorn, maybe 50 in New England. And, in all of North America, maybe a thousand species, according to George Symonds (from his wonderful Tree Identification Book: A New Method for Practical Identification and Recognition of Trees).
, my favorite guide to learning tree ID). Fortunately, you don’t have to be able to identify a particular species. You just have to know it’s a hawthorn, because all hawthorns have edible berries. HOWEVER, like apple seeds, hawthorn seeds contain cyanide, and should not be eaten. Don’t be too afraid; it just spits out the seeds.
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Why bother with hawthorn? They are beautiful, fun, and delicious wild edibles known for their health benefits. Some people use these berries to make hawthorn jelly, but I have yet to try this. Fruits, leaves and flowers can be used to make tea. Scroll down to the bottom of the page to see how I make hawthorn berries.
I will describe two types here, to illustrate their features. This should help you recognize hawthorn when you see it, but i
If you are not sure that you have hawthorn when you search, please check with other sources until you are sure, before eating the berries.
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