Indian Hawthorn Berries Toxic – The hawthorn berry harvest is a new one for me this year. They’re sweet and mild if you get them at the right time, and in years past I’ve been tasting them very early in the fall. This year, Washington Hawthorn was sweet and mild in late October. But by then, the single-seeded hawthorn had started to rot, so next year I’ll be looking for them in mid-October.
I give some credit to Josh Facto’s recent hawthorn post, which inspired me to try hawthorn berries again. As Josh points out, there are many hawthorn species, perhaps 50 in New England. And, in all of North America, according to George Symonds, possibly a thousand species (from his excellent book The Tree Identification Book: A New Method for the Practical Identification and Recognition of Trees).
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Indian Hawthorn Berries Toxic
, my favorite guide to learning Tree ID). Fortunately, you don’t need to be able to identify specific species. All you need to know is that it’s a hawthorn, because all hawthorns have edible berries. However, like apple seeds, hawthorn seeds contain cyanide, and should not be eaten. Don’t panic; Just spit out the seeds.
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Why bother with hands? These are beautiful, interesting and tasty wild foods with known health benefits. Some people use the berries to make hawthorn jelly, but I have yet to try it. The berries, leaves and flowers can be used to make tea. Scroll down the page to see how I make Hawthorn Berry Extract.
I’m going to describe two types here, to illustrate common features. It helps you recognize a hawthorn when you see one, but i
If you are unsure if you have hawthorn while foraging, please check additional sources before eating the berries until you are sure.
It grows as a small tree or large shrub, and produces clusters of white flowers in spring. Berries turn red in September (here), but later turn sweet. By October 31, they were sweet, and perhaps a little past the peak. Each berry contains 3-5 seeds.
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The leaves are lobed and toothed, as you can see in my photo above. Many other hawthorn species have similar leaves. The tree is heavily armed with long thorns, up to about 3 inches in length. However, with reasonable care, you can easily harvest the berries, which hang away from the branch. It’s even easier later in the season after lots of leaves have fallen and the thorns aren’t obscuring.
Also called common hawthorn, it is a European native that escaped cultivation and naturalized in North America. It is sometimes branded as an invasive plant, but I don’t find it very often, and when I do see it, there isn’t much of it in one area. It is probably invasive in other parts of the country, but it doesn’t seem particularly invasive here. Like Washington hawthorn, single-seeded hawthorn grows as a shrub or small tree, and produces clusters of white flowers in late spring. The oval red berries ripen a little earlier in the fall (than Washington hawthorn) and contain one seed (hence the name). The toothed leaves are more deeply toothed than Washington hawthorn, but the thorns are much shorter, only 1/2 inch to one inch in length.
Hawthorns are common in the forest understory here in Massachusetts, but these are stunted specimens that don’t fruit well. It is very shady in the forest. To find fruit-laden hawthorns, look in sunny areas such as scrub fields and thickets, on pasture edges, and along streams. They are often planted as ornamentals, so if your friend has one and you don’t mind picking a few berries, you have an easy foraging experience at your fingertips.
This is my first experience using hawthorn berries, and I am using them to make an extract, using the same process you would use to make vanilla extract. I hope to use Hawthorn extract as a flavoring in baking and cooking. I filled a clean canning jar about 3/4 full with berries, covered them with 80 proof vodka, and covered the jar. I’m not sure how long it will take to extract enough flavor from the berries, so I’ll check it daily. I know other extracts, (like vanilla extract) take weeks, so that’s what I’m hoping for here. species and hybrids) are mostly low-growing, evergreen, flowering plants. With a dense mounding growth habit, these are ideal low-maintenance plants for use in small gardens and foundation plantings.
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Most varieties are 3 to 6 feet tall and about the same in width. There are some large plants that can be trained as a small tree.
Indian hawthorns are grown for their attractively neat, tufted appearance and clusters of flowers. The fragrant, pink or white crabapple-like flowers open in clusters above the leaves from April to mid-May. Blue-black berries appear in late summer and persist into winter. The leathery, dark evergreen leaves are rounded, about 2 to 3 inches long, turning purple in winter.
Compact varieties of Indian hawthorn are suitable for use as foundation shrubs, while larger varieties can be used for hedges, large plantings or screening.
Indian hawthorns are susceptible to frost damage and should be kept in sheltered areas if grown in the upper reaches of South Carolina.
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The plants prefer sun, although they will grow in partial shade. Indian hawthorn prefers moist, well-drained soil, but established plants will tolerate drought. It is tolerant of salt spray and sandy soils and is a good choice for coastal areas.
, is the most common disease of Indian hawthorn. It is most damaging after continuous rains in spring and autumn.
The first symptoms are small, round, red spots on the upper and lower sides of young leaves.
They spread and congregate on heavily infected leaves, forming large, irregular spots. Severe infections may result in early leaf drop.
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Slow the spread of disease by spacing plants properly to improve air movement. Water plants with drip irrigation instead of overhead sprinklers. If sprinklers are used, water the plants once a week as needed during the growing season and give an inch of irrigation water each time. Collect and discard diseased leaves that fall during the winter, and then mulch the plant.
Diseased plants can be sprayed with daconil (chlorothalonil) when new leaves first appear in spring through early June. Spray every ten days during wet spring weather, or every two weeks during dry spring weather. Additional sprays may be needed in the fall. Follow label directions for rates and safety. See Table 1 for examples of brands and specific products.
Winter injury has become more common, and was quite severe during the winter of 2014–2015, where there were many Indian hawthorns in South Carolina.
Heavy infestations of Entomosporium leaf spot on Indian hawthorn (Indian hawthorn) can cause severe defoliation during the summer.
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Plants weakened by stress caused by improper fertilization and irrigation, exposure to lawn weed killers and foliar disease may be more susceptible to damage by cold weather. Test the soil in landscape beds for proper fertilization.
The same disease also affects red tip photinias and pears (such as Bradford pears), but can also be found on pyracantha, quince and lucat. For this reason, red tip photinia is still rarely found for sale.
The best way to prevent leaf spot on Indian hawthorn is to select resistant varieties (see below), grow them in full sun, and use drip irrigation.
This information is provided with the understanding that no discrimination is intended by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service and neither brand names or registered trademarks are endorsed, nor by exclusion of the products or manufacturers named. No discrimination has been committed. All recommendations are for South Carolina conditions and may not apply to other areas. Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. All recommendations for pesticide use are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but the status of registration and use patterns may change through action by state and federal regulatory agencies. Follow all instructions, precautions and restrictions listed.
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Caring for an Indian, according to The Spruce