Indian Hawthorn Berries – Species and hybrids) are mainly growing shrubs, evergreen, flowering. With a dense growth habit, they are ideal low-maintenance plants for use in small gardens and foundation plantings.
Most cultivars grow between 3 and 6 feet tall and about the same in width. Some are large bushes that can be formed into a small tree.
Table of Contents
Indian Hawthorn Berries
Indian hawthorns are grown for their attractive, neat shapes, mounds and clusters of flowers. The fragrant, pink or white crabapple-like flowers open in clusters above the foliage in mid-April to May. Blue-black berries appear in late summer and persist into the winter. The leathery, dark evergreen leaves are rounded, about 2 to 3 inches long, turning purple in winter.
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Compact cultivars of Indian hawthorn are suitable for use as foundation bushes, while larger cultivars can be used for hedging, mass planting or screening.
Indian hawthorns are susceptible to cold damage and should be located in sheltered areas if grown in upper South Carolina.
Plants prefer sun, although they will grow in partial shade. Indian hawthorn prefers moist, well-drained soil, but established shrubs will tolerate drought. It is tolerant of salt spray and sandy soils and is a good choice for coastal areas.
, is the most common disease of Indian hawthorn. It is most damaged after frequent periods of rain in spring and autumn.
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The first symptoms are round, red spots on both the upper and lower sides of the leaves.
These expand and on heavily diseased leaves, merge, forming large, irregular spots. Severe infection can cause early leaf drop.
Slow the spread of the disease by properly spacing the plants to improve air movement. Water bushes with drip irrigation rather than overhead sprinklers. If sprinklers are used, only water established plants once a week as needed during the growing season and apply one inch of irrigation water each time. Collect and discard diseased leaves during winter, and then mulch the bushes.
Diseased shrubs can be sprayed with Daconil (chlorothalonil) beginning when new leaves first appear in spring through early June. Spray every ten days during rainy spring weather, or every two weeks during dry spring weather. Additional spraying may be needed in the fall. Follow label directions for rate and safety. See Table 1 for specific brand and product examples.
Indian Hawthorn Care
Winter injury became more common, and was quite severe during the winter of 2014-2015, when many Indian hawthorns in South Carolina were
Severe defoliation can occur during summer following a heavy infection with Entomosporium leaf spot on Indian hawthorn (
Kill Weakened plants with stress from poor fertilization and irrigation, exposure to lawn grasses, and foliar diseases may be more susceptible to cold weather damage. Test the soil in the flower bed for proper fertilization.
This same disease also affects red tip photinia and pear (such as Bradford pear), but can also be found on pyracantha, quince and loquat. For this reason, red tip photinia is rarely found for sale.
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The best way to prevent leaf spot on Indian hawthorn is to plant resistant cultivars (see below), grow them in a full sun site, and use drip irrigation.
This information is provided with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement of brand names or trademarks by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service is implied, nor is any discrimination intended by the exclusion of products or manufacturers not named. All recommendations are for South Carolina conditions and may not apply to other areas. Use pesticides only according to label directions. All pesticide use recommendations are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but registration status and use patterns are subject to change by actions of state and federal regulatory agencies. Follow all directions, precautions and restrictions listed.
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T not cold tolerant. This plant prefers full sun, is salt and shade tolerant, and is drought tolerant. Deer love this shrub so browsing can be quite heavy.
How To Grow Indian Hawthorn
Selections. The fruits are also decorative and persist in winter; they are usually obvious due to size and grouping but can be difficult to see in foliage. In the trade industry, most bear this name, and the cultivar cited under this species name is R. x
It is often used in coastal plains, as a specimen plant, in mass plantings, in foundation plantings, as a screen, in planters, in empty spaces, and as a hedge. i
Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: It has pest and disease problems and is often damaged by deer. Fungal diseases increase in shady, humid southern sites. It is resistant to Phytophthora root rot and some cultivars are resistant to Entomosporium leaf spot – the latter being the most recommended for planting.
VIDEO Created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy, and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Tennessee.
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#fragrance#evergreen#full sun tolerant#scented flower#drought tolerant#sperm#shrub#wildlife plant#shade garden#winter interest#shower fruit#hedge #streambank#fast growing#deer browsing plant#decorative# children’s garden#foundation planting #playground plants#blueberry#screening#pollinator plant#nut fruit#fantz#nectar plant spring#bird friendly#container plant#landscape plant sleuths courseRhaphiolepis (/ˌ r æ f i ˈ ɒ l ɪ p ɪ s / or /ˌ r æ f i oʊ ˈ l ɛ p ɪ s / ;
) is a group of about fifty species of evergreen shrubs and small trees in the Rosaceae family, native to warm temperate and subtropical East and Southeast Asia, from southern Japan, South Korea and southern China, southern Thailand and Vietnam. In literature research it is good to remember that the name is often misspelled “Raphiolepsis”. The gus is related to Eriobotrya (loquats), so closely in fact, that members of the two gera have hybridized with each other; for example the “Coppertone loquat” is a hybrid of Eriobotrya deflexa X Rhaphiolepis indica. The common name Epin, originally specifically applied to the related Gus Crataegus, now also appears in the common names for some Rhaphiolepis species. For example, Rhaphiolepis indica is often called “Indian Hawthorn”, and Rhaphiolepis umbellata, “Yeddo Hawthorn”.
Species vary in size, some only reaching 1–1.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 11 in), while R. ferruginea can reach 10 m (33 ft). The leaves are alternate, leathery, glossy black, simple, 3-9 cm (1-3+ 1 ⁄2 in) long, with a rubbery or serrated margin. The flowers are white or pink,
1–2 cm (1 ⁄2 –3 ⁄4 in) diameter, produced in small to large corymbs with panicle structure. The fruit is a small apple
Snow White Indian Hawthorn (2.5 Quart) White Blooming Evergreen Shrub
1–2 cm (1 ⁄2 –3 ⁄4 in) diameter, dark purple to black, usually with only one seed.
Rhaphiolepis is closely related to loquats and toyons and is in the apple subtribe along with many other commercially important fruits such as pears. Rect phylogenetic research suggests Rhaphiolepis and Eriobotrya (loquats) must be merged.
The best known species is Rhaphiolepis indica (Indian sea buckthorn) from southern China, grown for its decorative pink flowers, and popular in bonsai culture. Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Yeddo hawthorn) from Japan and Korea has blunter leaves and white flowers. It is the hardiest species, tolerating temperatures down to -15°C (5°F).
The fruit of some varieties is edible when cooked, and can be used to make jam, but some ornamental varieties yield fruit that has no culinary value.
Manzanillo (rhaphiolepis Indica) · Natusfera
Indian Hawthorn is a major horticultural species in the southern United States. It is often found in commercial as well as in private landscapes. Often it is trimmed into small compact hedges or balls for foundation plants. It has been successfully cut into a standard shape as well as small dwarf trees up to 4.5 m (15 ft) in height.
The use of Rhaphiolepis in landscapes in humid regions is limited by the susceptibility of many of its species and hybrids to a deformed leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Tomosporium gus. , 2019. It may not be out of date, but please search our site for more current information. If you plan to cite or reference this information in a publication, please check with the specialist or author before proceeding.
I join the gardening world in waiting for the southern index azaleas to officially kick off the spring season and show the viewer in beautiful colors. But there is a small landscape tree that tends to disappear when the azaleas start to show, and it is actually one of my favorite spring-flowers.
Some gardeners think Indian hawthorn is a ho-hum, no-pizzazz shrub. But this plant is much more than some of the prima donna bushes that garner all the attention every spring. An accurate way to describe these bushes is to say that they work hard and don’t complain much about how they are treated. They are so pedestrian, so blue collar.
Hawthorn Species Photos
But when you actually look for them,