What Climate Does Hawthorn Berries Have To Have To Grow – Species and hybrids) are mostly low-growing, evergreen, flowering shrubs. With a dense tree habit they are ideal low-maintenance plants for use in small gardens and foundation plantings.
Most cultivars grow between 3 and 6 feet tall and about the same in width. A few are large shrubs that can be trained to a small tree form.
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What Climate Does Hawthorn Berries Have To Have To Grow
Indian hawthorns are grown for their attractively neat, clustered shape and clusters of flowers. The fragrant, pink or white crabapple-like flowers open in clusters above the leaves from mid-April to May. Blue-black berries appear in late summer and persist through winter. The leathery, dark evergreen leaves are rounded, about 2 to 3 inches long, and turn purplish in winter.
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The compact cultivars of Indian hawthorn are suitable for use as foundation shrubs, while larger cultivars can be used for hedges, mass plantings or screening.
Indian hawthorns are sensitive to cold damage and should be placed in sheltered areas if grown in upper South Carolina.
Plants prefer sun, although they will grow in partial shade. Indian hawthorn prefers moist, well-drained soil, but established shrubs will tolerate drought. It is tolerant of salt spray and sandy soil and is a good choice for coastal areas.
, is the most common disease of Indian hawthorn. It is most damaging after periods of frequent rainfall in spring and autumn.
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The first symptoms are small, round, red spots on both the upper and lower sides of young leaves.
It expands and on heavily diseased leaves merges to form large, irregular spots. Severe infections can cause early leaf fall.
Slow the spread of disease by spacing plants properly to improve air movement. Water shrubs with drip irrigation rather than overhead sprinklers. If sprinklers are used, water only established plants once a week as needed during the growing season, applying one inch of irrigation water each time. Collect and dispose of fallen diseased leaves during the winter, then cover the shrubs.
Diseased shrubs can be sprayed with Daconil (chlorothalonil) from the first time new leaves appear in the spring until early June. Spray every ten days during rainy spring weather, or every two weeks during dry spring weather. Additional sprays may be needed in the fall. Follow label directions for rates and safety. See Table 1 for examples of brands and specific products.
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Winter injuries became more common and were quite severe during the winter of 2014-2015, when many Indian hawthorns were in South Carolina
Severe defoliation can occur during the summer following a heavy infection with Entomosporium leaf spot on Indian hawthorn (
Murdered. Plants weakened by stress from improper fertilization and irrigation, exposure to lawn herbicides and foliar disease may be more prone to damage from cold weather. Test the soil in landscape beds for proper fertilization.
This same disease also affects red-tip photinia and pears (such as Bradford pear), but can also be found on pyracantha, quince and loquat. For this reason, red tip photinia is rarely found for sale anymore.
Gardening: Native Hawthorns Are Outstanding Trees But Don’t Try To Hug One
The best way to prevent leaf spot on Indian hawthorn is to plant selected resistant cultivars (see below), grow them in a full sun location and use drip irrigation.
This information is provided with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement of trade names or registered trademarks by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service is implied, nor is any discrimination intended by the exclusion of products or manufacturers not mentioned not. All recommendations are for South Carolina conditions and may not apply to other areas. Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. All pesticide use recommendations are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but registration status and use patterns are subject to change by actions of state and federal regulatory agencies. Follow all directions, precautions and restrictions listed.
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Common English hawthorn or Washington hawthorn roots can reach about 30 to 40 inches deep. The root system does not stay close to the surface or take moisture away from other plant species. English hawthorn and Washington hawthron roots can spread up to 25 feet wide in well-drained soil. Classified as a shrub, Indian hawthorn has a shallow root system that is not harmful to nearby plants or property.
Hawthorn: A Little Known Super Fruit
Now you know more about the hawthorn root system, but you probably have other questions. You wonder if the hawthorn is very invasive or can be controlled. You may be wondering if it is a tree or a shrub and what that means for your landscape. You probably also want to know the difference between different varieties of hawthorn so you can make the right choice for your landscaping goals. Keep reading to learn more.
Hawthorn roots generally require 30 inches of soil to prevent the roots from crowding the shallow root space near the soil surface, depending on the variety. These roots are not as deep as larger trees, which in some cases can reach up to 20 feet deep. Hawthorn roots can spread up to 25 feet, but rarely have surface roots that hinder your ability to plant other species nearby. The roots can be very difficult to remove after the first year if this is a plant you are trying to control.
The depth of the roots and the height of the plant can vary depending on the variety of hawthorn. Here are some common varieties and their expected growth.
Common hawthorn is also known as English hawthorn. It is expected to grow to 15 to 25 feet tall and have a root system as deep as three to four feet. This plant can be grown as a tree or controlled to be a shrub or espalier plant. This is the one invasive species of hawthorn, so be careful when planting.
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This plant does not have deep roots and is expected to be only three to six feet tall. This means it would make a great shrub or hedge plant. It can be used as a windbreak, privacy fence, or just a plant to fit into small spaces that you have available on your landscape. The roots of the Indian hawthorn are about 18 inches deep.
The Washington hawthorn is the taller variety that can reach 25 to 35 feet in height. Root depth is not expected to be deeper than the common hawthorn when uncontrolled. Unlike the common hawthorn, this variety cannot be controlled to be grown as a shrub or hedge plant. It is a tree and will have a deep root system and cannot be trained to stay within certain parameters of a landscape.
Only one variety of hawthorn is considered invasive. This is Crataegus monogyna, otherwise known as English hawthorn or common hawthorn. This variety also has roots that are prickly and difficult to remove once established. They will crowd out and kill other plants, which is part of the invasive label. Other varieties of hawthorn, including the Indian and Washington, are not invasive. Hawthorn trees are legal to plant, although some caution should be exercised if planting in the central to northern Pacific Coast region.
If you are looking for landscaping options with non-invasive roots, check out this article “15 Fruit Trees with Non-invasive Roots.”
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It is not root spread that causes the hawthorn to invade and crowd out other plants. These are the delicious berries that are eaten by birds and deposited with relatively high germination rates. The seed passing through the bird or animal helps in the germination process. Hawthorn roots can be relatively easily controlled by keeping the plant small as a hedge plant or shrub.
Indian hawthorn and English hawthorn are good varieties to plant as a hedge or shrub plant. The roots of these plants are shallow when controlled and pruned to hedge or espalier size. You can expect hedge plants to have roots about 18 inches deep when contained and pruned to shrub size. Espalier plants are grown vertically near a wall, shed or house. This is a great way to grow fruit or other plants without taking up too much space.
For more details on growing fruit vertically in small spaces, check out this post, “Which Fruit Trees Can You Espalier?”
The best climate and conditions vary depending on the variety of hawthorn. Here are the details for the most common varieties.
Close Up Of Edible Berries On A Hawthorn Tree Once The Leaves Have Dropped In December, Located In The Park By Montrose Harbor On Chicago’s Lakefront Stock Photo
This is the common, invasive species of